English Literature

 Research report writing Planning, Drafting, Revising, Editing, and Finalizing the draft of research report A reseach report is a well crafted document that outlines the processes data and findings of a systematic investigation. It is an important document that serves as a first hand account of the reseach process. It is considered as an objective and accurate source of information. In other words, it is a summary of the reseach process that clearly highlights finding recommendations and other important details. " Research report is a research document that contains basic aspects of the reseach project". The true value of the reseach may be assessed through a report since the written report may be the " only tangible product of hundereds of hours of work. Rightly or wrongly, the quality and worth of that work are judged by the quality of written report -- its clarity, organization and content" (BLAKE and BLY 1993: 119). The primary purpose of a written report is co

TYPES OF RESEARCH The basic types of research are as follows: (i) Descriptive vs. Analytical: Descriptive research includes surveys and fact-finding enquiries of different kinds. The major purpose of descriptive research is description of the state of affairs as it exists at present. In social science and business research we quite often use the term Ex post facto research for descriptive research studies. The main characteristic of this method is that the researcher has no control over the variables; he can only report what has happened or what is happening. Most ex post facto research projects are used for descriptive studies in which the researcher seeks to measure such items as, for example, frequency of shopping, preferences of people, or similar data. Ex post facto studies also include attempts by researchers to discover causes even when they cannot control the variables. The methods of research utilized in descriptive research are survey methods of all kinds, including comparati

OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH The purpose of research is to discover answers to questions through the application of scientific procedures. The main aim of research is to find out the truth which is hidden and which has not been discovered as yet. Though each research study has its own specific purpose, we may think of research objectives as falling into a number of following broad groupings: To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new insights into it (studies with this object in view are termed as exploratory or formulative research studies); To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular individual, situation or a group (studies with this object in view are known as descriptive research studies); To determine the frequency with which something occurs or with which it is associated with something else (studies with this object in view are known as diagnostic research studies);  To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship between variables (such studies are known as

MEANING OF RESEARCH Research in common parlance refers to a search for knowledge. One can also define research as a scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic. In fact, research is an art of scientific investigation. The Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English lays down the meaning of research as “ a careful investigation or inquiry specially through search for new facts in any branch of knowledge .”   Redman and Mory define research as a “ systematized effort to gain new knowledge .”  Some people consider research as a movement, a movement from the known to the unknown. It is actually a voyage of discovery. We all possess the vital instinct of inquisitiveness for, when the unknown confronts us, we wonder and our inquisitiveness makes us probe and attain full and fuller understanding of the unknown. This inquisitiveness is the mother of all knowledge and the method, which man employs for obtaining the knowledge of whatever the unknown, ca