English Literature

Identifying Your Sources For your review, you will examine a range of sources that are pertinent to your topic. To start, it is best to consult educational encyclopedias, handbooks, and annual reviews found in libraries. These resources provide summaries of important topics in education and reviews of research on various topics. They allow you to get a picture of your topic in the broader context . And also help you understand where it fits in the field. You may also find these sources useful for identifying search terms and aspects related to your topic. The following are some examples of handbooks, encyclopedias, and reviews relevant to educational research: ■ The International Encyclopedia of Education ■ Encyclopedia of Curriculum Studies ■ Handbook of Research on Teacher Education: Enduring Questions in Changing Contexts ■ Handbook of Research on the Education of Young Children ■ Handbook of Latinos and Education: Theory, Research, and Practice ■ Handbook of Research on Prac...

Documentation In a report or research paper, documentation is the evidence provided for information and ideas borrowed from others. That evidence includes both primary sources and secondary sources.There are numerous documentation styles and formats, including MLA style (used for research in the humanities), APA style (psychology, sociology, education), Chicago style (history), and ACS style (chemistry). Adrienne Escoe: "Documentation has many meanings, from the broad—anything written in any medium—to the narrow—policies and procedures manuals or perhaps records." Linda Smoak Schwartz "The most important thing to remember when you take notes from your sources is that you must clearly distinguish between quoted, paraphrased, and summarized material that must be documented in your paper and ideas that do not require documentation because they are considered general knowledge about that subject." Cita...

 Chandalika by Rabindranath Tagore Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941) was a poet, novelist, shortstory writer and dramatist. He is mostly known for his poetry. Some of his famous works include: The Genius of Valmiki (1881, drama), The Sacrifice (1890, drama), Gitanjali (1910, poetry), Ghare Baire ( The Home and the World, 1916). He was the writer of India and Bangladesh's National anthem. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1913. This prize was conferred to him especially for his Gitanjali: Song Offerings. George v   gave him the title of Knighthood, but he returned it in 1919 after the Jaliyanwala Baagh Massacre. Tagore's Chandalika (1938) was modelled on an ancient Buddhist legend. The central interest on this play is the unfolding of character; of opening up the soul to enlightenment of some sort. K.R. Kriplani calls it a "tragedy of self-consciousness over reaching it limit". The title of the play Chandalika, itself shows that the heroine of the play belongs to t...

 Rasa Theory in Natyashastra   Bharatmuni was an ancient Indian theatrologist and musicologist. He is considered the father of Indian theatrical art forms. He wrote the Natyashastra during the period between 200 BCE and 200 CE in classical India. It is a Sanskrit treatise on the performing arts. The text of Natyashastra consists of 36 chapters or 6000 poetic verses (slokas) describing performance arts. The subjects covered by treatise include: the sentiments, the states, the histrionic representation (abhinaya), the practice (dharmi), the styles (vritti), the success (siddhi), the notes (svara), the instrumental music ( atodya), songs and the stage.  Natyashastra is also notable for its aesthetic sentiments ( Rasa ) theory. Rasa  literally means "taste" or "savor", and, as used to denote the essence of poetry. Bharatmuni wrote in Natyashastra: " no composition can be proceed without rasa" . Rasa is  an individual experience brought through the expres...

 Research report writing Planning, Drafting, Revising, Editing, and Finalizing the draft of research report A reseach report is a well crafted document that outlines the processes data and findings of a systematic investigation. It is an important document that serves as a first hand account of the reseach process. It is considered as an objective and accurate source of information. In other words, it is a summary of the reseach process that clearly highlights finding recommendations and other important details. " Research report is a research document that contains basic aspects of the reseach project". The true value of the reseach may be assessed through a report since the written report may be the " only tangible product of hundereds of hours of work. Rightly or wrongly, the quality and worth of that work are judged by the quality of written report -- its clarity, organization and content" (BLAKE and BLY 1993: 119). The primary purpose of a written report is co...

 An Essay on Imitation, Poetics by Aristotle Aristotle (384-322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the classical period in ancient Greece. He was a great genius who is supposed to have written about 400 books. He was the student Plato and teacher of Alexander. He was the founder of Lyceum,  the peripetetic school of philosophy. He made significant contribution in the form of  treatise. Some of his greatest treatise are: Politics, Metaphysics, On the Soul, The Alexander, Rhetoric, Dialogues, On Monarchy,  Education Ethics, Natural History, Physics and Poetics . Most of his works are not traceable. Even one of his greatest works 'Poetics' is not available in original form; only a translation of "Poetics" is available. The "Poetics" is a fragmentary and incomplete work of Literary criticism. It deals with the tragedy, comedy and epic. In spite of its fragmentary nature 'Poetics' has come down to us as an authoritative treatise of the art ...

Objective correlative Objective correlative, literary theory first set forth by T.S. Eliot in the essay “ Hamlet and His Problems ” and published in The Sacred Wood (1920). According to the theory, The only way of expressing emotion in the form of art is by finding an “objectivecorrelative”;  in other words, a set of objects, a situation, a chain of events which shall be the formula of that particular emotion; such that when the external facts,which must terminate in sensory experience, are given, the emotion is immediately evoked. The term was originally used in the 19th century by the painter Washington Allston in his lectures on art to suggest the relation between the mind and the external world. This notion was enlarged upon by George Santayana in Interpretations of Poetry and Religion (1900). Santayana suggested that correlative objects could not only express a poet’s feeling but also evoke it. Critics have argued that Eliot’s idea was influenced, as was much of Eliot’s work, ...